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The trapezium rule is a numerical method for estimating integrals. It is most useful when there is no analytical answer to an integral, and only a number is needed. It works by approximating the area under the curve by a series of trapezia, then evaluating the areas and adding them up.

The area under the curve is approximated by a series of trapezia.

The formula for the integral rule iswhereis the step size or the increment by which the values ofincrease, 1 in the diagram above andis defined byeg

For ease of calculation it is a good idea to tabulate the values of the

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This estimate is an underestimate for the integral. The curve is concave – it curves down. In general the trapezium method gives an underestimate for the integral of concave functions and an overestimate for convex functions, an example of which is given below.