Theorem
Ifis a curve with paprameterthen
Proof
The left hand side can be expanded to give
The first term on the right above is zero sinceis perpendicular toand so
Hencebutso
Theorem
Ifis a curve with paprameterthen
Proof
The left hand side can be expanded to give
The first term on the right above is zero sinceis perpendicular toand so
Hencebutso