Two circles of raddi R and r respectively. Intersect in the point A and B as shown below.

From the Cosine Rule, for the triangle CAB,
and for the triangle OAB,![]()
Setting these equal gives
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Now use the identity cos 2x = 1-2 sin^2 x rearranged as
to give
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Dividing by 4 and square rooting gives![]()