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The general sin and cosine functions are
\[f(x)=A+Bsin(Cx-D)\]
  and  
\[g(x)=A+Bcos(Cx-D)\]
.
Thse are transformations of the functions
\[f_1(x)=sinx\]
  and
\[g(x)=cos x\]
.
There are altogether four transformations for each funcyion - two  
\[x\]
  transformations and two  
\[y\]
  transformations.
The order of the  
\[y\]
  transofmations is important, and so is the order of the  
\[x\]
  transfomrations, but either the  
\[x\]
  or  
\[y\]
  transformations may be performed first.
1. Scaling in the  
\[y\]
  direction by a factor  
\[B\]
  then translation in the  
\[y\]
  by an amount  
\[A\]
.
2. Translation in the  
\[x\]
  direction by an amount  
\[D\]
  then a scaling in the  
\[x\]
  direction by a factor  
\[C\]
.