• The Force Transformation

    In classical Newtonian mechanics force is defined as rate of change of momentum: Special relativity changes the definition of both momentum and time, so the definition of force must change. If we have inertial frames O and O', with O' moving along the...

    https://astarmathsandphysics.com/university-physics-notes/special-and-general-relativity/1670-the-force-transformation.html

  • Group Actions

    extension acts on the bigger field The additive group of the real numbers acts on the phase space of systems in classical mechanics (and in more general dynamical systems): if and is in the phase space, then describes a state of the system, and is...

    https://astarmathsandphysics.com/university-maths-notes/abstract-algebra-and-group-theory/1696-group-actions.html

  • The Exponential Fourier Transform

    non periodic functions and being more suited to solving partial differential equations, and is more applicable in quantum mechanics where it allows the wavepackets representing particles, which are necessarily localized, to be decomposed into a range of...

    https://astarmathsandphysics.com/university-maths-notes/advanced-calculus/1729-the-exponential-fourier-transform.html

  • Table of Properties of Alpha, Beta and Gamma Radiation

    The three main types of nuclear radiation are alpha, beta and gamma radiation. Their properties are summarised in the following table. Type Mass in units of atomic mass units Charge Description Alpha 4 2 Consists of 2 protons particles and 2 neutrons...

    https://astarmathsandphysics.com/o-level-physics-notes/135-table-of-properties-alpha-beta-and-gamma-radiation.html

  • Making Ice By Evaporation

    When a liquid evaporates, the molecules with the most energy evaporates first. The molecules with less energy, are left behind. Having less energy, the are at a lower temperature, since energy – specifically energy of random movement – is a measure of...

    https://astarmathsandphysics.com/o-level-physics-notes/187-making-ice-by-evaporation.html

  • The Simple Camera

    The camera consists of a lens to focus the image and a film on which the picture is taken. The image is real, inverted, and smaller than the object. A real camera is a lot more complicated, with maybe several lenses, a shutter, a lot of electronics and...

    https://astarmathsandphysics.com/o-level-physics-notes/275-the-simple-camera.html

  • The Wheel and Axis Principle

    The wheel and axis principle is used to produce a large turning force. It is most frequently used in the gearboxes of cars. A large force is required to start the car moving (low gear), which can be reduced once the car starts to move (high gear)....

    https://astarmathsandphysics.com/o-level-physics-notes/286-the-wheel-and-axis-principle.html

  • The Chernobyl Disaster

    The Chernobly nuclear power station, in Ukraine, was the site of possibly the worst nuclear accident ever. The day before the disaster, plant operators were preparing for ashutdown to perform routine maintenance on one of the four reactors. As part of...

    https://astarmathsandphysics.com/ib-physics-notes/atomic-and-nuclear-physics/1227-the-chernobyl-disaster.html

  • JJ Thomson

    JJ Thomson discovered the electron and determined it's charge to mass ratio Experiment showed that if the cathode rays were made to hit a gold leaf electroscope, the leaf would deflect. Investigation implied the cathode rays carried a negative electric...

    https://astarmathsandphysics.com/ib-physics-notes/the-history-and-development-of-physics/1312-jj-thomson.html

  • The Suns Corona

    TheSuns corona is the gas consisting of hot ionized gas or plasma surrounding the Sun, extending millions of km into space. It is normally made invisible by the Suns glare, but is clearly visible during a solar eclipse. The temperature of the corona is...

    https://astarmathsandphysics.com/university-physics-notes/astronomy/1516-the-suns-corona.html

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