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Suppose a planet of mass  
\[M\]
  and radius  
\[R\]
  consists of two layers of material, each with a constant density. The core contains 60% of the planets mass, but has radius equal to 30% of the planets radius. The mantle constitutes the rest of the mass.
What is the ratio Density of Core: Density of Mantle?
We can draw up the table below.
CoreMantle
Mass
\[0.6M\]
\[0.4M\]
Volume
\[\frac{4}{3} \pi (0.3R)^3\]
\[\frac{4}{3} \pi R^3 - \frac{4}{3} \pi (0.3)^3 = \frac{4}{3} \pi \times 0.973R^3\]
Density
\[\frac{0.6M}{\frac{4}{3} \pi (0.3R)^3}\]
\[\frac{0.4M}{\frac{4}{3} \pi \times 0.973R^3}\]
The required ratio is then
\[\frac{0.6M}{\frac{4}{3} \pi (0.3R)^3}\frac{0.4M}{\frac{4}{3} \pi \times 0.973R^3}\]

This simplifies to  
\[\frac{200}{9} : \frac{400}{973}\]
.