Proof that Every Subset of a Set is Contained in its Closure and is Closed iff it is Contained in its Closure
Theorem
For every setand
is closed if and only if
Ifis closed then
is open.
Ifthena neighbourhood
exists such that
henceand
For the second part, if A is closed thenis open. Each
lies in a neighbourhood
such that
and
henceand
is closed.
Sinceeach
has a neighbourhood
such that
hence
is open and
is closed.