\[x, \: y\]
   related by a ratio, say  \[A:B\]
.An quantites related in this way are proportional to each other. Where does the constant of proportionality appear?
The meaning of the ratio is this: If
\[x\]
  is a multiple of  \[A\]
  then  \[y\]
  is that multiple of  \[B\]
  so that  \[\frac{x}{A}= \frac{y}{B}\]
  then  \[y=\frac{B}{A} x\]
  and the constant of proportionality relating  \[y\]
  to  \[x\]
  is  \[\frac{B}{A}\]
.