Theorem
Let
be a metric space. A subset
of
is closed if and only if for any![]()
where
where![]()
Proof
Suppose
is a closed set then
is open. Hence, for any
a ball
exists such that![]()

Then![]()
Suppose for any
Let![]()
Then
hence
is open and
is closed.
Theorem
Let
be a metric space. A subset
of
is closed if and only if for any![]()
where
where![]()
Proof
Suppose
is a closed set then
is open. Hence, for any
a ball
exists such that![]()

Then![]()
Suppose for any
Let![]()
Then
hence
is open and
is closed.