Theorem
For a curvewhereis the distance along the curve, ifis the torsion andis the radius of curvature, then
Proof
(1) and
Hence(2) whereis the curvature. Differentiating this expression gives
One of the Frenet formulae stateswhereis the binormal vector.
Substituting this expression intogives(3)
Substitute (1), (2) and (3) intoobtaining