There are many ways that graphs can be transformed but many of them can be expressed as
– transformations,
– transformations, an
– transformation followed by a– transformation or vice versa. The transformations together with their effects are summarised below.
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Effect |
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Scaling by |
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Scaling by 3 in the |
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Scaling by 4 in the |
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Translation in the +ve |
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Translation in the -ve |
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The left hand side or -ve |
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The -ve |
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Translation in the -ve |
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Translation in the +ve |
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Scaling in the |
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both |
Translation in the +ve |
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both |
Scaling in the |
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both |
Translation in the -ve |
is transformed to
- direction by -1
Summary of Transformations
You must first decide for each transformation whether it is anor – transformation. Thetransformations are always counter intuitive:
means move 2 in the negative– direction and
means scale by
in the– direction.